175 research outputs found
An economic review of the collaborative economy. Bruegel Policy Contribution Issue nË5 | 2017
This Policy Contribution tackles the definition and benefits of collaborative economy, as well as the distinction between professional and non-professional services, recommendations on safety and transparency for users, and the way to approach regulatory concerns
The Political Implications of Heideggerâs Reading of the Allegory of the Cave
This paper draws a link between Heideggerâs reading of Platoâs allegory
of the cave and his support for the National Socialist regime during the
early 30âs. Three interrelated suggestions are made: (1) That Heideggerâs
reading of the allegory of the cave is informed by his preoccupation with
the imminent threat of nihilism. (2) That Heideggerâs interpretation radicalizes
his critique of the public sphere to the effect that it renders the latter
irredeemable. (3) That the unbridgeable gap between philosophy and
the public sphere commits Heidegger to the anticipation of a catastrophic
event that will open up the possibility of genuine freedom
Providing efficient network access to green power generators: A long-term property rights perspective. Bruegel Working Paper Issue 7, November 2016
Coordinating the timing and location of new production facilities is
one of the challenges of liberalized power sectors. It is complicated by
the presence of transmission bottlenecks, oligopolistic competition,
and the unknown prospects of low-carbon technologies. We build
a model encompassing a late and early investment stage, a clean
(green) and dirty (brown) technologies, and a single transmission
bottleneck and compare dynamic efficiency of several market designs.
Allocating network access on a short-term competitive basis distorts
investment decisions as brown firms will pre-empt green competitors
by investing early. Compensating early investors for future network
congestion, as for instance in the E.U., only exacerbates this problem.
Dynamic efficiency is restored with long-term transmission rights
that can be traded on a secondary market (iusvendendi). As early
investment lowers the resale value of the transmission rights, brown
firms will invest optimally. We show that dynamic efficiency does not
require the existence of physical rights for accessing the transmission
line (ius utendi), but financial rights on receiving the scarcity revenues
generated by the transmission line (ius fructendi) suffice
Providing efficient network access to green power generators:
Coordinating the timing of new production facilities is one of the challenges of liberalized power sectors. It is complicated by the presence of transmission bottlenecks, oligopolistic competition and the unknown prospects of low-carbon technologies. We build a model encompassing a late and early investment stage, an existing dirty (brown) and a future clean (green) technology and a single transmission bottleneck, and compare dynamic efficiency of several market designs. Allocating network access on a short-term competitive basis distorts investment decisions, as brown firms will preempt green competitors by investing early. Dynamic efficiency is restored with long-term transmission rights that can be traded on a secondary market. We show that dynamic efficiency does not require the existence of physical rights for accessing the transmission line, but financial rights on receiving the scarcity revenues generated by the transmission line suffice
Occupational change, artificial intelligence and the geography of EU labour markets. Bruegel Working Paper Issue 03 | 15 June 2020.
We study the nature and geography of occupational change in 24 European Union countries from 2002 to 2016. We evaluate how the composition of skills in the labour force depends on new technologies enabled by artificial intelligence and machine learning, and on institutional variables including educational attainment, labour legislation and product market regulations. We find that on average, EU countries have been through an upgrading of the skills of their occupational structures, rather than a pervasive polarisation. However, job polarisation is significant for workers without university degrees. Moreover, the European debt crisis has led to some job polarisation, which is particularly evident in urban centres. The changes in occupational structures appear to vary substantially across European Union regions. Cities, followed by suburban areas and towns, have suffered the largest declines in mid-skilled jobs. On the potential impact of new technologies, we find that low-skill mid-skill jobs are significantly exposed. Occupational changes caused by these technologies are likely to be more concentrated in cities and suburban areas. Last but not least, countries with high degrees of labour flexibility, high quality science education and less pervasive product market regulations tend to have higher skill-oriented occupational structures
Challenging prospects for roam like at home. Bruegel Working Paper Issue 3 2016
On 25 November 2015, the European Union enacted new rules for international mobile roaming (IMR) under Regulation 2015/2120, which seeks to implement a Roam Like at Home (RLAH) regime among the member states of the European Union. Questions remain, however, as to whether it is possible to implement RLAH without mandating below-cost pricing and thus introducing significant regulatory and economic distortions
E-commerce in Europe: parcel delivery prices in a digital single market. Bruegel Policy Contribution ISSUE 2016/09 May 2016
Highlights
⢠In its Digital Single Market strategy, the European Commission has rightly noted the
importance of reducing the price paid for basic cross-border parcel delivery by
consumers and by small and medium size retail senders.
⢠The payment flows for cross-border parcel delivery are strikingly similar to those for
telecommunications. Comparisons with roaming can be instructive. As with roaming,
it is clear that the links between wholesale payments between the national postal
operators and retail prices need to be properly understood in order to craft good policy.
Another useful lesson is that national postal regulatory authorities are unlikely to
address cross-border problems because of limitations in their respective mandates
and because they have no incentive to take measures to benefit residents of other
countries.
⢠There are also significant differences between roaming and parcel delivery.While high
wholesale charges were a major driver of high retail prices for international mobile
roaming, the wholesale payments for cross-border parcel delivery appear to be below
cost.This implies that it is the âspreadâ between retail price and thewholesale payment
that is inflated, at least for small retail senders and for consumers.
⢠Comprehensive statistics gathering, coordinated at European level, is indispensable
Multi-Parameter Analysis of Surface Finish in Electro-Discharge Machining of Tool Steels
The paper presents a multi- parameter analysis of surface finish
imparted to tool-steel plates by electro-discharge machining (EDM) is
presented. The interrelationship between surface texture parameters
and process parameters is emphasized. An increased number of
parameters is studied including amplitude, spacing, hybrid and fractal
parameters,, as well. The correlation of these parameters with the
machining conditions is investigated. Observed characteristics become
more pronounced, when intensifying machining conditions. Close
correlation exists between certain surface finish parameters and EDM
input variables and single and multiple statistical regression models are
developed
The impact of industrial robots on EU employment and wages: A local labour market approach. Bruegel Working Paper Issue 02/18 April 2018
In theory, robots can directly displace workers from performing specific tasks (displacement effect). But they can also expand labour demand through the efficiencies they bring to industrial production (productivity effect). This working paper adopts the local labour market equilibrium approach developed by Acemoglu and Restrepo to assess which effects dominate and the impact of robots on wage growth and employment rate in Europe
the present and the future of doing philosophy with children
This paper is an introduction to the dossier on âthe present and the future of doing philosophy with childrenâ, which itself drew inspiration from a conference on the same topic that was held in University College Dublin on the 24th of June 2022. While the conference aimed at building a case for the importance of engaging pre-college students in philosophical thinking, it also aspired to function as a forum where the participants can critically reflect on the practice of doing philosophy with children. The participants were asked to reflect on 1) the ways in which philosophy prepares children to engage with an increasingly complex world; 2) the future challenges of the P4wC movement; 3) the ways in which and the extent to which P4wC practice contributes to the decolonization of childhood discourses; 4) the ways in which and the extent to which the philosophy with children initiative addresses issues of epistemic injustice and educational and social inequalities. Building on the discussions that took place during and after the conference, the authors in this dossier interrogate the hierarchical opposition between child and adult, and cast a critical gaze on adultist assumptions that prevent Philosophy for/with Children initiatives from achieving their full potential
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